Research notes
Sources & photo credits
This educational project presents Punjab as a historic region now divided between India and Pakistan. It begins with the high period of the Sikh Empire and follows political, social and cultural change to 2026. Partition and late-20th-century conflicts remain deeply personal and contested; readers should compare scholarly perspectives and oral histories.
Historical references
- Encyclopaedia Britannica — Ranjit Singh
- The New Cambridge History of India — The Sikh Empire, 1799–1849
- National Army Museum — Anglo-Sikh Wars
- Encyclopaedia Britannica — Punjab, India
- Encyclopaedia Britannica — Punjab, Pakistan
- Encyclopaedia Britannica — Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- Encyclopaedia Britannica — Partition of India
- Government of Punjab, India
- Government of Punjab, Pakistan
Suggested books
- J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab.
- Ian Talbot, Punjab and the Raj, 1849–1947.
- Ishtiaq Ahmed, The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed.
- Yasmin Khan, The Great Partition.
- Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs.
Photo credits
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh portrait — unknown artist; public-domain artwork, via Wikimedia Commons.
- Golden Temple India — Vinish K Saini, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
- Jallianwala Bagh historical image — Wikimedia Commons; verify the file page for reuse terms.
- Partition of Punjab, 1947 — Wikimedia Commons; verify the file page for reuse terms.
- Punjab Monsoon — Wikimedia Commons; verify the file page for attribution requirements.
Technical note
The site uses Wikimedia Commons file redirects, so photos require an internet connection. To make the repository fully offline, download the credited files into assets/images/ and replace the remote image URLs in index.html.